Musculoskeletal health

# Musculoskeletal Health Domain

Musculoskeletal health encompasses the structure and function of bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage that together enable movement, support posture, and protect vital organs. This domain is fundamental to quality of life across all ages, affecting everything from daily activities like climbing stairs and carrying groceries to athletic performance and injury prevention. The musculoskeletal system undergoes continuous remodeling throughout life, with bone density typically peaking in early adulthood and declining thereafter, while muscle mass naturally decreases with age in a process called sarcopenia. Maintaining optimal musculoskeletal health reduces risk of fractures, chronic pain conditions, mobility limitations, and falls—particularly important as life expectancy increases. Beyond physical function, musculoskeletal health correlates with metabolic health, cardiovascular outcomes, mental health, and longevity, making it a cornerstone of preventive health.