Also known as: 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, coffee, caffeine anhydrous
Latest evidence update: 2026-12-01
Strongest in Replication (80). Held back by Recency (49).
Solid mix of RCTs with some methodological gaps.
Confirmed across many independent studies with significant findings.
Tens of thousands of participants pooled across studies.
Mostly aligned, with some divergence.
Evidence base skews older; field may have moved on.
Recommended: 100-200mg
ProtocolEngine provides general health information based on published research. This is not medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement or health protocol.
Increases power output and speed during endurance exercise like cycling and time trials
Improves repeated sprint performance, with greater benefits at higher doses (6+ mg/kg body weight)
Enhances mental focus, attention, and reaction time, especially when combined with L-theanine
Boosts sport-specific performance in volleyball including jumping, grip strength, agility, and accuracy
Reduces feelings of fatigue and exhaustion during intense exercise