Also known as: 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, coffee, caffeine anhydrous
Latest evidence update: 2026-12-01
Strongest in Sample size (83). Held back by Recency (56).
Solid mix of RCTs with some methodological gaps.
Confirmed across many independent studies with significant findings.
Tens of thousands of participants pooled across studies.
Mostly aligned, with some divergence.
Healthy mix of recent and established research.
Effect-size tagged on 383 of 400 claims for this supplement. Our research updates daily; remaining claims are pending re-processing.
Areas where research points to a consistent direction of effect. The strength of evidence is graded; the size of the effect is not quantified.
Recommended: 100-200mg
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Increases power output and speed during endurance exercise like cycling and time trials
Improves repeated sprint performance, with greater benefits at higher doses (6+ mg/kg body weight)
Enhances mental focus, attention, and reaction time, especially when combined with L-theanine
Boosts sport-specific performance in volleyball including jumping, grip strength, agility, and accuracy
Reduces feelings of fatigue and exhaustion during intense exercise