Also known as: chrono-nutrition, circadian eating, meal timing
Strongest in Study quality (70). Held back by Replication (53).
Solid mix of RCTs with some methodological gaps.
Some independent replication, statistical precision uneven.
Thousands of participants across the literature.
Mostly aligned, with some divergence.
Healthy mix of recent and established research.
No per-outcome numbers yet for this one. Each finding's direction and strength is shown in the research below.
Areas where research points to a consistent direction of effect. The strength of evidence is graded; the size of the effect is not quantified.
Aligning food intake with your circadian rhythm — eating more earlier in the day and less in the evening.
ProtocolEngine provides general health information based on published research. This is not medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement or health protocol.
High and low glycemic index meals showed no significant effects on sleep variables other than sleep onset latency.
Daytime eating during simulated night work does not significantly affect cortisol levels compared to typical night shift eating patterns.
Mid-morning breakfast consumption reduced post-lunch glucose incremental AUC by 36% compared with breakfast omission in adolescent girls.
Associations between meal-to-sleep timing intervals and glycemic outcomes persisted after adjustment for baseline sleep duration, HbA1c, and randomization assignment.
Among MDI users with type 1 diabetes, time-in-range (3.9-10.0 mmol/L) was lower after morning fasted versus afternoon fed resistance exercise (50.9% vs. 67.0%).