PQQ

Also known as: pyrroloquinoline quinone

Confidence

research strength

CLimited confidence5412 studies referenced

Latest evidence update: 2024-09-03

Strongest in Consistency (83). Held back by Recency (14).

Study quality (37%)

Study design (21%)

Risk of bias (16%)

Solid mix of RCTs with some methodological gaps.

Replication (26%)

Cross-study replication (21%)

Precision (5%)

Some independent replication, statistical precision uneven.

Sample size (16%)

Hundreds of participants; meaningful but not large.

Consistency (11%)

Studies agree on direction of effect.

Recency (10%)

Mostly pre-2020 research; updates may be needed.

Effect by outcome

how big the change is

No per-outcome numbers yet for this one. Each finding's direction and strength is shown in the research below.

Directional evidence

Areas where research points to a consistent direction of effect. The strength of evidence is graded; the size of the effect is not quantified.

Cognitive performance Longevity & aging

Common dosage

10-20mg daily

Description

Redox cofactor that stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis -- the creation of new mitochondria. Found in trace amounts in kiwi, parsley, and fermented foods. Animal studies show neuroprotection and improved mitochondrial function.

Safety & interactions

GRAS status. Well-tolerated at typical doses. Often combined with CoQ10. Human data limited to small studies on cognitive function and inflammation markers.

Check interactions with other supplements→

What the research shows

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Order PQQ

Recommended: 10-20mg daily

Questions about PQQ

Who has been studied for PQQ?

Who should avoid PQQ based on the safety notes?

What dose did studies use for PQQ, and when was it taken?

Referenced studies (12)

ProtocolEngine provides general health information based on published research. This is not medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement or health protocol.

PQQ