Also known as: lutein esters
Latest evidence update: 2025-12-01
Strongest in Sample size (95). Held back by Recency (13).
Solid mix of RCTs with some methodological gaps.
Confirmed across many independent studies with significant findings.
Tens of thousands of participants pooled across studies.
Studies agree on direction of effect.
Mostly pre-2020 research; updates may be needed.
Recommended: 10-20mg daily
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Improves visual function in age-related macular degeneration by building protective pigment in the eye and enhancing visual acuity and contrast sensitivity
Reduces risk of age-related cataract and may slow progression of advanced macular degeneration
May improve blood cholesterol levels by raising beneficial HDL cholesterol in older adults
Higher dietary intake is associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and bladder cancer
Protects the retina in people with diabetes by maintaining blood vessel health and reducing oxidative damage