Milk Thistle

Also known as: silymarin, Silybum marianum

BBuilding Evidence7070 studies referenced

Latest evidence update: 2026-01-05

Metabolic health

Common dosage

200-400mg silymarin daily

Description

Mediterranean herb whose active compound silymarin is one of the most studied hepatoprotective agents. Human trials support liver protection, antioxidant activity, and potential benefit in metabolic syndrome.

Safety & interactions

Well-tolerated with a long safety record. Mild GI effects possible. May interact with medications metabolized by CYP enzymes. Safe in most liver conditions.

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Expected outcomes

Outcome estimates are derived from published research and represent population-level associations, not guaranteed individual results. Consult a healthcare professional before making decisions based on these estimates.

Supports these goalsvia evidence graph

Metabolic HealthC3 study rows
metabolic flexibility

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What the research shows

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Recommended: 200-400mg silymarin daily

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Referenced studies (70)

ProtocolEngine provides general health information based on published research. This is not medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement or health protocol.

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Reduces liver enzyme levels and protects liver function in patients with liver injury and disease

strong evidence4 studies:BMC complementary medicine and therapies (2025)The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2025)Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology (2019)

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Improves insulin resistance in people with type 2 diabetes and alcoholic cirrhosis

moderate evidence1 study:Diabetes research and clinical practice (2025)

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Reduces kidney damage and serum creatinine levels in patients with drug-induced kidney injury

moderate evidence2 studies:Phytotherapy research : PTR (2024)Biochemistry. Biokhimiia (2025)

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Improves cholesterol and triglyceride levels when combined with other nutrients

moderate evidence2 studies:Phytotherapy research : PTR (2019)Phytotherapy research : PTR (2019)