Also known as: choline alfoscerate, L-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine
Latest evidence update: 2025-12-01
Strongest in Study quality (68). Held back by Recency (36).
Solid mix of RCTs with some methodological gaps.
Some independent replication, statistical precision uneven.
Hundreds of participants; meaningful but not large.
Mixed direction across studies.
Evidence base skews older; field may have moved on.
No per-outcome numbers yet for this one. Each finding's direction and strength is shown in the research below.
Areas where research points to a consistent direction of effect. The strength of evidence is graded; the size of the effect is not quantified.
Recommended: 300-600mg daily
ProtocolEngine provides general health information based on published research. This is not medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement or health protocol.
Improves cognitive function and memory in people with mild cognitive impairment, particularly when combined with other cognitive-supporting medications
Enhances attention and mental processing speed in healthy individuals
Increases motivation and drive
Improves heart rate variability and supports faster cardiovascular recovery after intense exercise
Enhances endurance exercise performance when combined with other amino acids and supplements