Also known as: baby spinach
Latest evidence update: 2026-02-02
Strongest in Consistency (91). Held back by Recency (29).
Solid mix of RCTs with some methodological gaps.
Good cross-study replication, some imprecision.
Small combined sample; treat as preliminary.
Studies agree on direction of effect.
Mostly pre-2020 research; updates may be needed.
No quantified outcomes yet. Once we have studies with measurable endpoints, you will see per-outcome magnitude here.
Areas where research points to a consistent direction of effect. The strength of evidence is graded; the size of the effect is not quantified.
Compound-by-compound profile of what's in this food and the evidence behind each.
ProtocolEngine provides general health information based on published research. This is not medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement or health protocol.
12 weeks of high-intensity functional training combined with spinach-derived thylakoid supplementation significantly reduced leptin levels in males with obesity.
Lutein- and zeaxanthin-rich foods (spinach powder) had no significant effect on macular pigment level in healthy volunteers after 8 weeks.
Spinach-derived thylakoid supplementation combined with calorie restriction significantly reduced insulin resistance markers compared to placebo with calorie restriction in obese women with PCOS.
12 weeks of high-intensity functional training combined with spinach-derived thylakoid supplementation significantly reduced apelin levels in males with obesity.
12 weeks of high-intensity functional training combined with spinach-derived thylakoid supplementation significantly reduced visfatin levels in males with obesity.