Also known as: Sambucus nigra, elder extract
Latest evidence update: 2025-10-01
Strongest in Consistency (76). Held back by Recency (35).
Solid mix of RCTs with some methodological gaps.
Good cross-study replication, some imprecision.
Hundreds of participants; meaningful but not large.
Studies agree on direction of effect.
Mostly pre-2020 research; updates may be needed.
No per-outcome numbers yet for this one. Each finding's direction and strength is shown in the research below.
Areas where research points to a consistent direction of effect. The strength of evidence is graded; the size of the effect is not quantified.
Recommended: 500-1000mg extract daily during illness, or 150-300mg for prevention
ProtocolEngine provides general health information based on published research. This is not medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement or health protocol.
Substantially reduces upper respiratory symptoms and cold duration in people with viral infections, offering a natural alternative to antibiotics and antiviral drugs
Promotes metabolic flexibility and improves how the body processes food after eating
Reduces eye surface discomfort and improves dry eye symptoms when combined with lutein and zeaxanthin
May help reduce low-grade inflammation markers in the body, particularly in older adults
Is well-tolerated with high compliance and safety when used as a juice supplement for six months