Also known as: Calcium citrate, Calcium carbonate
Latest evidence update: 2026-04-08
Strongest in Sample size (95). Held back by Recency (37).
Solid mix of RCTs with some methodological gaps.
Confirmed across many independent studies with significant findings.
Tens of thousands of participants pooled across studies.
Mostly aligned, with some divergence.
Evidence base skews older; field may have moved on.
Effect-size tagged on 386 of 400 claims for this supplement. The corpus updates daily; remaining claims are pending re-processing.
Recommended: Varies by form and individual needs
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High-dose calcium supplementation during pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension
Calcium combined with vitamin D reduces the risk of hip fractures and falls in older adults
Calcium supplementation slightly improves bone mineral density in younger people and those with pregnancy-related bone loss
Taking calcium supplements may increase the risk of kidney stones and does not eliminate cardiovascular concerns even when combined with vitamin D
Calcium supplements have minimal or no effect on blood pressure, cognitive function, cancer risk, or bone density in lactating women