Also known as: Provitamin A, Beta-Carotene (synthetic)
Latest evidence update: 2026-05-24
Strongest in Sample size (95). Held back by Recency (8).
Solid mix of RCTs with some methodological gaps.
Confirmed across many independent studies with significant findings.
Tens of thousands of participants pooled across studies.
Mixed direction across studies.
Mostly pre-2020 research; updates may be needed.
Recommended: Not recommended as supplement
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May reduce risk of cataracts and support eye health
May lower lung cancer risk in people with high dietary intake, but supplements may increase risk in smokers
May reduce bone loss and fracture risk, particularly in Asian populations and women
May reduce type 2 diabetes risk, with higher blood levels showing stronger protective effects
May support breast cancer survival and reduce breast cancer risk through dietary intake